Upper intermediate English
1. Grammar (Advanced Structures)
- Tense Review & Advanced Usage - Present Perfect Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous 
- Future Perfect & Future Continuous 
- Mixed Conditionals (e.g., If I had studied harder, I would be in a better job now.) 
- Inversion (e.g., Not only did she fail, but she also...) 
- Cleft Sentences (e.g., What I need is a vacation.) 
 
- Modals (Advanced) - Modals of Deduction (past & present) (e.g., She must have forgotten.) 
- Modals for Regret & Criticism (e.g., You should have told me!) 
 
- Passive Voice (All Tenses + Causative) - The report is being written. vs. I had my car repaired. 
 
- Reported Speech (Advanced) - Reporting questions, commands, and suggestions 
- Impersonal reporting structures (It is said that...) 
 
- Relative Clauses (Defining & Non-defining + Reduced Clauses) - The man who called you… vs. The man, who was tall,… 
- Omitting relative pronouns (The book I bought) 
 
- Participle Clauses - Having finished his work, he left. 
 
- Subjunctive Mood (Formal) - It’s essential that he be on time. 
 
2. Vocabulary (Nuanced & Topic-Specific)
- Idioms & Phrasal Verbs (Advanced) - Pull strings, hit the nail on the head, turn a blind eye 
- Separable vs. Inseparable Phrasal Verbs (Put off vs. Look after) 
 
- Collocations & Fixed Expressions - Make a decision (not do a decision) 
- Heavy rain (not strong rain) 
 
- Word Formation (Prefixes/Suffixes) - Underestimate, Overreact, Misinterpret 
 
- Synonyms & Avoiding Repetition - Happy → delighted, thrilled, overjoyed 
 
- Formal vs. Informal Register - Commence (formal) vs. Start (informal) 
 
- Topic-Specific Vocabulary - Work & Careers (negotiate, promote, resign) 
- Environment (carbon footprint, sustainable, deforestation) 
- Technology (AI, cybersecurity, algorithm) 
- Social Issues (discrimination, inequality, activism 
 

 
 
 
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